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Orange gems found in smoky mountains11/3/2023 ![]() Streak: The streak of citrine is white. ![]() Fracture: Citrine has a conchoidal fracture, meaning it breaks with a curved, shell-like shape.Cleavage: Citrine does not have a distinct cleavage, meaning it does not break along specific planes or directions.Refractive index: The refractive index of citrine is approximately 1.544-1.553, which is similar to other varieties of quartz.Specific gravity: The specific gravity of citrine is approximately 2.65 g/cm3, which is similar to other varieties of quartz.Luster: Citrine has a vitreous (glassy) luster, meaning it is shiny and reflective like glass.Transparency: Citrine is usually transparent to translucent.Color: Citrine is typically yellow to brownish-yellow in color, although it can also be found in shades of orange, reddish-brown, and smoky gray-brown.Hardness: Citrine has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively hard and durable.The physical properties of citrine are as follows: These synthetic forms of citrine have the same chemical composition and physical properties as natural citrine but are often less expensive due to their easier production process. In addition to natural citrine, there are also synthetic forms of citrine that are made using various methods, such as the hydrothermal method or the vapor deposition method. Some common inclusions in citrine include mineral crystals, gas bubbles, and fluid-filled cavities. The color of citrine can range from pale yellow to dark brownish-orange.Ĭitrine can also contain various inclusions, or microscopic particles, which can affect its appearance and value. Citrine typically contains trace amounts of iron, which is responsible for the yellow to brownish-yellow coloration. The mineralogical composition of citrine is identical to that of other varieties of quartz, with the chemical formula SiO2. The heating process changes the oxidation state of iron impurities within the crystal lattice, resulting in the yellow to brownish-yellow color of citrine. Citrine forms when amethyst or smoky quartz, two other varieties of quartz, are heated to high temperatures, usually around 470 degrees Celsius. ![]() In Zambia, citrine is found in hydrothermal veins and alluvial deposits.Ĭitrine is a variety of quartz, which is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms arranged in a 3-dimensional structure. In Madagascar, citrine is found in volcanic rocks and alluvial deposits. In Brazil, citrine is commonly found in hydrothermal veins in granite and pegmatite. ![]() The most significant sources of citrine are Brazil, Madagascar, and Zambia. Alluvial deposits can occur in riverbeds, streambeds, and in the soil.
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